There are so many different charges involved in buying a home, it is important to know what to expect at the settlement. Your lender is required to give you a Good Faith Estimate (GFE) of your settlement costs within three business days of your loan application. Once you get it, review the charges below to avoid any surprises when you sit down to close on your loan.

There are three basic categories of settlement costs:

• Fees to get a mortgage. This includes lender fees and points, as well as a host of other charges involved in obtaining and processing your loan. Points are an upfront charge expressed as a percent of the loan amount (e.g., 1 point is 1 percent of the loan) to increase the lender’s effective yield on a loan.

Specific lender fees can include: 

1. Loan Origination Fee. This is a charge for your lender’s work in evaluating and preparing your mortgage loan.
2. Application Fee – This charge covers the initial costs of processing your loan application and obtaining your credit report.
3. Appraisal Fee – Your lender will need an opinion from an independent appraiser of the market value of the home you wish to purchase.
4. Survey – This fee goes to a surveying firm who will verify that your lot has not been encroached upon by any structures since the last survey conducted on the property and to ensure that the home and other structures and legally where the seller says they are.
5. Mortgage Insurance – A lender may require this type of insurance for buyers who make a down payment of less than 20 percent of the value of the house. The policy covers the lender’s risk in the event the buyer fails to make the loan payments. Premiums are typically paid annually from an escrow or reserve account, or in a lump sum at closing.
6. Homeowner’s Insurance – Insurance that protects property against loss caused by fire, some natural causes, vandalism, etc., depending on the terms of the policy. Also includes coverage such as personal liability and theft away from home. Your lender will expect you to have a policy in effect by closing.

• Fees to establish and transfer ownership of the property. Your lending institution is not likely to give you a loan on a house unless you can prove that the seller owns the property you want to buy. This is where title search and title insurance fees come into play. A title agent will verify that the seller is, indeed, the owner of the property and issue a title insurance policy to guard the lender against any errors that could have occurred in the searching process. The cost of the policy is usually based on the loan amount. There may also be attorney, escrow, courier fees and other charges involved in the settlement process.

• Fees to state and local governments. These fees include transfer, recordation and property taxes collected by local and state governments. Your taxes based on the assessed value of the home, which you pay for community services such as schools, public works, and other costs of local government. Taxes can often be paid as a part of your monthly mortgage payment.  

A Credit Report is required for a mortgage and has costs associated with it.  Some lenders disclose the cost, other’s don’t – never the less it is a cost of doing business.  I require potential borrowers to pay for their own report.  They don’t pay me, they actually pay the credit vendor directly.  I’m not padding the cost of the report to cover other expenses.  It’s actually the exact cost of the report.  The borrower even gets to keep a copy of the report for their records.  It’s actually available immediately after payment via a secure website link.  There the borrower can view/print/save the report for their records.

Now to the benefits for the borrower by investing the small cost of the credit report:

1. Lower total loan costs (your not covering added expenses for other people’s credit reports)

2. Reduced interest rates (lower overall overhead allows us to charge less per loan – a direct benefit passed on to you)

3. An actual hard or soft copy of a REAL Tri-Merged Credit Report with actual REAL SCORES – to use when comparing other lenders.

4. Access to the latest in Credit Optimization Software at no additional cost (For those that need a little tweak to get the best pricing or to just qualify)

The cost of a credit report for an individual is approximately $15. 

The cost of a credit report for a married couple is approximately $22.

Now to the reasons why you may not want to pay for your credit report up-front:

1. You don’t have the money (Probably shouldn’t be applying for a Mortgage then)

2. The other lender you called didn’t require it. (See above)

3. You already know your scores. (There is far more to qualifying and picking a Mortgage than credit score)

Below you’ll find an excerpt from an email chain with a borrower who decided to use another lender because they didn’t want to pay for the credit report.  This is a rarity but certainly has happened before and will happen again.  But I think some of the points made are good enough to publish here.

 Email 1: The Objection

—–Original Message—–
From: C M 
Sent: 12/17/2009 9:28:33 PM
To: Rob Spring
Subject: Re: Mortgage Info From Rob Spring
Rob, 

Private Mortgage Insurance, also known as PMI, is a supplemental insurance policy you may be required to obtain in order to get a mortgage loan. PMI is provided by private (non-government) companies and is usually required when your loan-to-value ratio — the amount of your mortgage loan divided by the value of your home — is greater than 80 percent.
PMI isn’t a bad thing — it allows you to make a lower down payment and still qualify for a mortgage loan. In fact without PMI, many of us would not be able to purchase our first home.

How is PMI calculated?

Your PMI premium is fixed based on plan type (loan-to-value ratio, loan type, loan term, etc.) and is not related to your particular credit history or other individual characteristics. PMI typically amounts to about one-half of one percent of your mortgage amount annually, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association, and the premium payment is usually rolled into your monthly mortgage payment.  On a $200,000 mortgage, you may be paying $1,000 per year for PMI.

The amount you have available for a down payment will affect what types of loans for which you can qualify. Down payments typically range from 3 to 20 percent of the sales price for the property.

Tips for Accumulating a Down Payment

Alternative Sources

For many buyers, especially first-time buyers, saving up the funds for the down payment can be a seemingly insurmountable hurdle to home ownership. This doesn’t have to be the case. As your mortgage broker, I can help you find creative ways to come up with your down payment.

Using a gift for your down payment
One way to fund a down payment is by using a gift. For many loan programs, a gift may be used for a portion or all of the required down payment.  Money given as a gift for a down payment can’t come from anyone.  Family members are the usual source.  And sometimes an employer may also be acceptable.   If this is an option open to you, please let me know.  I can help you determine which loan programs accept gift funds for down payments and who may give the gift.   I’ll also supply the gift letter that the person giving the gift is required to sign.  The gift letter states that the funds are a gift and will not be paid back.

Down payment assistance charities

If a willing and able family member is not available, buyers now have the option of turning to a non-profit for down payment assistance. 

Caution should be taken when searching for a down payment assistance charity (aka down payment assistance program).  There are many reputable organizations providing buyer assistance, but there are dubious ones as well.  You may want to research the charity with the Home Gift Providers Association (HGPA) (http://www.downpaymentalliance.org/) before making a commitment.

Generally, a down payment assistance charity will give the buyer money for a down payment that does not have to be repaid.  The seller will contribute an equal sum to the charity at closing or soon after.  The seller will also pay an administration fee to the charity.  Sounds good, right? 

This can be a good option for buyers who don’t have other means of securing a down payment.  However, you should be aware that this means of funding the down payment may inflate the selling price of the house.  You’ll want to consult with your real estate professional about how such a program may affect the selling price.

Zero down mortgage loans

Service persons and veterans can qualify for a VA Loan that requires no down payment.  VA Loans are guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.  In addition to no down payment, these loans usually offer a competitive fixed interest rate and limited closing costs.  While the VA does not issue the loans, it does issue a certificate of eligibility required to apply for a VA loan.

There are also private sector alternatives that offer 100% financing of the home purchase price.  Let me help you find the down payment and mortgage alternative that’s right for you.

Many home buyers today opt to use funds from their employer’s 401(K) program to come up with the down payment on a house. Ordinarily, you can’t take money from your 401(K) plan unless you retire, leave the company or become disabled, but many company plans permit certain “hardship withdrawals” when there is an immediate and heavy financial need, including the purchase of the employee’s principal residence.

The drawback to a hardship withdrawal is that you will pay taxes and penalties on the amount withdrawn from your plan, which often must be paid in the year of withdrawal. And while hardship withdrawals are allowed by law, your employer is not required to provide them in your plan. Check with your employer’s human resources department if you’re not sure if your 401(K) plan allows hardship withdrawal.

Another approach may be to borrow against your 401(K) – often as much as 50 percent of your account balance. You pay interest on the loan, but the interest goes back into your account. The money you receive is not taxable as long it is paid back and plans can give you anywhere from five to 30 years to pay back your loan.

There are risks involved in borrowing from your 401(K). If you lose your job or leave your employer, you must pay back the loan in full within a short period, sometimes as little as 60 days. If the money is not paid back in that time, it is considered a withdrawal from your plan and subjected to the same taxes and penalties. And while 401(K) accounts can usually be rolled over into a new employer’s 401(K) without penalties, loans from a 401(K) cannot be rolled over.

In addition, because the funds withdrawn from your account are no longer earning compound interest, your account will be smaller when you retire. And you’ll be replacing pretax money with after-tax money.

Some lenders will count the money you borrowed from your 401(K) as an additional debt that will go along with your car payments, student loans and credit cards. While it may seem unfair since you are borrowing your own money, most lenders view it as a payment obligation that affects your debt-to-income ratio in qualifying for a home loan. It may be a factor in whether you decide to make a hardship withdrawal from your 401(K) and pay tax penalties or borrow against it.

Property Taxes
This is the one closing cost that is often prorated between the buyer and seller. If the seller has already paid the annual property taxes, the buyer typically reimburses the seller for the period in which the buyer will be occupying the property. Likewise, if the taxes have not yet been paid, the seller typically reimburses the buyer for the period in which the seller occupied the property.

Transfer Taxes and Recording Fees
This is the cost for transferring ownership of the property and recording the purchase documents. The fee is often calculated as a percentage of the sales price.

If you’ve built up some equity in your home, when you refinance, you may be able to “cash out” some of that equity to pay off credit cards or other revolving debt, improve your home, help pay for college, or anything else you can think of. The same is true of refinancing costs: If you have enough equity in your home, you may be able to roll some of the cash due at closing into your loan.

Some of the “cash needed to close” as it’s sometimes called includes settlement costs and fees, prepaid interest, escrow reserves, state or local government charges, or even extra funds needed to pay off your existing mortgage. Some or all of those costs can sometimes be financed as part of your new mortgage loan.

But you have to be careful. It’s not always the case that you can borrow up to 100 percent of your home’s value. Many loan programs are based on what’s called a “loan-to-value” ratio. You may qualify for a very advantageous refinanced mortgage if you borrow no more than 80 percent of your home’s value, but may not qualify for the same terms if you borrow 90 percent. We can help you qualify for refinance loan programs for as much as 95 percent of your home’s value in most cases, but the lower your loan-to-value ratio (that is, the less you borrow), the better terms you’ll generally qualify for.

The bottom line is that in many cases you can reduce your up-front costs for refinancing your mortgage in exchange for higher monthly payments for the life of the loan. But whether, and to what extent, you can do this depends on the value of your home and the amount of your new mortgage, and what options you decide are best for you.

If you’ve had your current mortgage for a few years, chances are you’ve built up enough equity to finance cash needed to close and still have a smaller loan balance than your original — and a balance that will qualify you for a favorable mortgage program tied to your loan-to-value ratio. We can help you decide!

Many people find that it’s advantageous to pay the cash needed at closing from checking, savings or money market accounts or from other assets. This is because the less you borrow on the new refinanced loan, the lower your monthly payment will be. But we’ll work with you to see if there is an advantageous refinancing program for you based on your ability and willingness to pay closing costs and other fees and the amount you wish to borrow.

We want to make the best loan for you, work for you!

Loan Origination Fee
This covers the administrative expenses in setting-up and processing the loan. The loan origination fee may be a percentage of the mortgage amount.

Points (optional)
An option for the home buyer is to pay points to lower the interest rate at which the loan will be repaid. Each point equals 1 percent of the mortgage amount. For example: on a $150,000 loan, 1 point would equal $1,500.

Appraisal Fee
The fee for having the house appraised may be incorporated into the closing costs or payment may be required by the lender at the time the loan application is submitted.

Credit Report
The lender uses a credit report to determine the creditworthiness of the loan applicant. This fee is often paid when the loan application is submitted.

Interest Payment
Typically the buyer is required to pay interest on the mortgage loan to cover the time between the closing date and when the first mortgage payment period begins. For example: If closing is on May 15. Your first monthly payment begins to accrue interest on June 1 with your first mortgage payment due July 1. At closing an interest payment covering the accrual period between May 15 and May 31 may be required.

Escrow Account
At closing a payment may be required to fund the escrow account if the lender is paying home insurance, property taxes and/or other expenses out of the escrow account.